Medically Reviewed by Jessica Ely, PA-C
The elbow is a versatile and hardworking joint that allows you to lift, swing, push, and throw. Because of its wide range of motion and frequent use, the elbow is also prone to injury and irritation. While some elbow injuries are sudden—like those caused by a fall or collision—others develop gradually due to overuse, wear and tear, or underlying joint conditions.
If your elbow pain persists or worsens over time, it may be a sign of a chronic issue. Understanding the most common causes can help you know when to seek medical attention and what treatment options may be available.
Why Does My Elbow Hurt?
Chronic elbow pain often results from repetitive use of the joint. It may appear during certain activities, worsen with ongoing motion, or present as a constant ache—even at rest. Below are six of the most common conditions that can lead to ongoing elbow discomfort.
1. Elbow Bursitis
Elbow bursitis is inflammation of the olecranon bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions the bones, tendons, and muscles in your elbow. Repetitive motions, trauma, or infection can irritate this bursa, causing swelling and pain at the back of the elbow.
Common causes include:
- Frequent leaning on hard surfaces
- Repetitive tasks like painting, gardening, or shoveling
- Jobs that require frequent elbow movement
- Athletic activity or overuse
Treatment: Most non-infectious cases can be treated conservatively with rest, ice, NSAIDs, and elbow immobilization. Symptoms typically improve within 3–6 weeks.
2. Stress Fracture
A stress fracture is a small crack in one of the bones of the elbow, often caused by repetitive force or overuse. This type of injury is more common in athletes who perform frequent throwing motions, such as baseball pitchers.
Symptoms may include:
- Pain during activity that subsides with rest
- Swelling or tenderness around the elbow
- Gradual worsening of symptoms over time
3. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis in the elbow occurs when the cartilage within the joint wears down, causing bone-on-bone contact. This wear-and-tear condition may result from aging, overuse, or previous elbow trauma.
Symptoms include:
- Pain and stiffness
- Reduced range of motion
- Joint instability or locking
- Bone spurs
Treatment: Non-surgical management typically includes activity modification, over-the-counter or prescription pain relief, and physical therapy.
4. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that commonly affects the elbow. It leads to joint inflammation, damage, and sometimes the development of rheumatoid nodules—firm lumps that may form at the tip of the elbow.
Common signs include:
- Chronic joint pain
- Swelling and warmth around the elbow
- Difficulty fully bending or straightening the arm
- Elbow instability
5. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Tennis elbow is a form of tendonitis that affects the tendons on the outer part of the elbow. It’s caused by repetitive motion of the wrist and forearm, not necessarily from playing tennis.
Symptoms include:
- Pain or burning on the outside of the elbow
- Weak grip strength
- Pain that worsens with activity
6. Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
Golfer’s elbow affects the tendons on the inner side of the elbow. It’s caused by repetitive movements that involve flexing the wrist or gripping.
Symptoms may include:
- Tenderness and pain on the inner elbow
- Pain that radiates down the forearm
- Reduced wrist and forearm function
- Weakness in grip strength
When to See a Doctor
Elbow pain that doesn’t improve with rest or over-the-counter treatments should be evaluated by a medical professional. Seek care right away if:
- You suspect a fracture or dislocation
- Pain persists despite rest, ice, and NSAIDs
- You experience swelling, bruising, or intense pain
- Your elbow is red, warm, or painful with a fever
- You cannot fully bend or straighten your arm
Comprehensive Elbow Care at Raleigh Orthopaedic Clinic
At Raleigh Orthopaedic Clinic, our team provides specialized care for all types of elbow conditions—from overuse injuries to arthritis and complex trauma. Our fellowship-trained orthopedic specialists work closely with our on-site Certified Hand Therapists to deliver personalized, effective treatment plans.
With multiple locations across Wake County and access to advanced diagnostics, physical therapy, and outpatient surgical services, we make it easy to get the expert care you need—all in one place.
If chronic elbow pain is affecting your daily activities, schedule an appointment with our team today.
Schedule an Appointment with Raleigh Orthopaedic
If you’re dealing with pain, discomfort, or an injury, don’t wait to get the care you need. Our expert team at Raleigh Orthopaedic is here to help you feel better, move better, and get back to doing what you love. Schedule an appointment online or call us at 919-781-5600 to be seen—often within 48 hours. For immediate care, we offer walk-in orthopedic urgent care services. Click here for hours and locations.
Disclaimer: The information on this site is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis, treatment, or medical judgment. Always consult a physician or qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have about a medical condition or treatment.