Medically Reviewed by Josie Prabhakar, PA‑C
Foot & Ankle Osteoarthritis: How Do I Know If I Have It?
Arthritis in the foot and ankle can be a source of chronic discomfort and limited mobility for many adults, especially as they age. While rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often associated with joint pain, osteoarthritis (OA) is far more common—and it’s the type most frequently treated by orthopedic specialists.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that develops when the cartilage that cushions your joints wears down over time. It typically affects one joint at a time and is often linked to age, previous injuries, overuse, or biomechanical issues.
What Are the Symptoms of Foot and Ankle Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis can affect any of the 33 joints in the foot and ankle, but the most commonly affected areas include the big toe, midfoot, and ankle. Key symptoms may include:
- Pain during or after movement
- Joint stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity
- Swelling around the joint
- Limited range of motion
- Grinding or popping sensations (crepitus)
- Difficulty walking or wearing regular shoes
Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis typically affects one side of the body and tends to worsen gradually over time.
Common Areas Affected by Osteoarthritis in the Foot and Ankle
Big Toe (Hallux Rigidus)
- One of the most common areas affected by OA.
- Symptoms include pain during push-off, stiffness, and difficulty wearing high-heeled or narrow shoes.
- Bony overgrowth may develop, limiting motion and causing a visible bump.
Midfoot (Top of the Foot)
- Osteoarthritis can develop after midfoot sprains or repetitive strain.
- Patients may notice pain while walking, especially on uneven surfaces.
- Shoes with poor support may exacerbate symptoms.
Ankle
- Often linked to previous injuries like ankle sprains or fractures.
- Pain may worsen with prolonged activity and improve with rest.
- Swelling and instability are common, especially after extended walking or standing.
Nonsurgical Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle
Early intervention can slow progression and help preserve joint function. Common nonsurgical treatments include:
- Physical therapy to improve strength, flexibility, and joint support
- Over-the-counter or prescription anti-inflammatory medications (like ibuprofen or naproxen)
- Custom orthotics or supportive braces to reduce pressure on the affected joint
- Activity modifications to avoid high-impact movements
- Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
Surgical Options
If conservative treatments are no longer effective and arthritis has severely limited your mobility, surgery may be recommended to relieve pain and restore function.
Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis)
- A common procedure for severe osteoarthritis.
- Involves removing damaged cartilage and permanently joining bones to eliminate painful motion.
- Can greatly improve stability and decrease pain, especially in weight-bearing joints like the ankle or big toe.
Other surgical options may include joint debridement (removal of loose cartilage or bone spurs) or, in some cases, joint replacement.
Comprehensive Foot and Ankle Care in Wake County at Raleigh Orthopaedic
The Raleigh Orthopaedic Clinic board-certified, fellowship-trained foot and ankle specialists provide comprehensive and specialized care for a wide variety of foot and ankle conditions. The members of our foot and ankle team at Raleigh Orthopaedic are dedicated to quality outcomes and are trained to treat strains, sprains, fractures, tendon injuries, and more. Foot and ankle care is available at all of our clinics in Wake County, NC.
Schedule an Appointment with Raleigh Orthopaedic
If you’re dealing with pain, discomfort, or an injury, don’t wait to get the care you need. Our expert team at Raleigh Orthopaedic is here to help you feel better, move better, and get back to doing what you love. Schedule an appointment online or call us at 919-781-5600 to be seen—often within 48 hours. For immediate care, we offer walk-in orthopedic urgent care services. Click here for hours and locations.
Disclaimer: The information on this site is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis, treatment, or medical judgment. Always consult a physician or qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have about a medical condition or treatment.