Medically Reviewed by Josie Prabhakar, PA‑C
The calcaneus, commonly known as the heel bone, is the largest of the seven tarsal bones in the foot. Located at the back of the foot below the ankle joint, the calcaneus forms the subtalar joint in conjunction with the talus—a small bone that connects the tibia and fibula. This joint allows for side-to-side motion of the hindfoot and plays a vital role in maintaining balance.
Causes of Calcaneus Fractures
Traumatic Injuries
Calcaneus fractures often occur from high-impact trauma, such as:
- Falling from a height (e.g., ladder)
- Motor vehicle accidents
These types of injuries can cause the heel bone to break or shatter.
Stress Fractures
In some cases, a stress fracture may develop over time due to repetitive impact—commonly from activities like jogging. These fractures are typically less severe but still require medical attention.
Men between the ages of 30 and 50 are most frequently affected by calcaneal fractures.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a calcaneus fracture can vary depending on the severity and type of injury.
Acute (Traumatic) Fractures
- Swelling and bruising of the heel and ankle
- Inability to bear weight on the affected heel
- Localized pain that may feel warm or tender to the touch
- Visible deformity of the heel in severe cases
Stress Fractures
- A dull, persistent ache that worsens with activity
- Increasing discomfort throughout the day
- Difficulty walking over time
Diagnosis
To confirm a calcaneus fracture, your doctor may perform:
- A physical exam
- X-rays or CT scans to assess the fracture’s location and severity
Factors considered during diagnosis include:
- Number of fractures
- Size and position of bone fragments
- Degree of displacement
- Damage to surrounding cartilage
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical (Conservative) Care
For stress fractures or non-displaced breaks, conservative treatment may be effective. This typically includes:
- Wearing a boot, splint, or cast
- Limiting weight-bearing on the injured foot
- Healing time: approximately 6 to 8 weeks
Surgical Intervention
If bone fragments are displaced, surgery may be necessary to realign the bones. This will be determined based on imaging results and the overall condition of the injury.
Recovery Timeline
Recovery depends on the treatment method, but general timelines are similar.
Weeks 0–2
- Foot is immobilized in a splint
- Keep the foot elevated and iced
- Remain non-weight-bearing
Weeks 2–6
- Sutures removed
- Transition to a cast or removable boot
- Begin gentle range-of-motion exercises
Weeks 6–12
- Gradual introduction of physical therapy
- Increase partial weight-bearing
- Surgeon will assess progress and may move you into an ankle brace
Long-Term Recovery and Rehabilitation
Once the bone has healed:
- Physical therapy is often recommended to rebuild strength and improve balance
- Orthotic shoe modifications, such as heel pads or lifts, can help with ongoing discomfort
- Assistive devices like crutches, canes, or walkers may be needed temporarily
Important: Avoid placing weight on the foot too early, as it can lead to further damage or surgical complications. Always follow your doctor’s instructions closely.
Schedule an Appointment with Raleigh Orthopaedic
If you’re dealing with pain, discomfort, or an injury, don’t wait to get the care you need. Our expert team at Raleigh Orthopaedic is here to help you feel better, move better, and get back to doing what you love. Schedule an appointment online or call us at 919-781-5600 to be seen—often within 48 hours. For immediate care, we offer walk-in orthopedic urgent care services. Click here for hours and locations.
Disclaimer: The information on this site is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis, treatment, or medical judgment. Always consult a physician or qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have about a medical condition or treatment.