Diagnosis and Treatment of Flat Feet in Wake County
What are Flat Feet?
Flat feet, also known as pes planus or fallen arches, occur when the arches of one or both feet collapse, causing the entire sole to rest flat on the ground. This condition can affect walking mechanics and may lead to discomfort or pain in the feet and ankles, with the potential to spread to the legs and lower back. While some people with flat feet experience no symptoms, others may notice fatigue, stiffness, or swelling after prolonged standing or physical activity. Flat feet are common in children and often resolve with age, but in adults, they can sometimes contribute to pain or mobility issues that require evaluation and treatment. Our foot and ankle specialists at Raleigh Orthopaedic proudly provide comprehensive care for a wide range of orthopedic issues, including flat feet. Learn more about this common condition below and contact our office for the orthopedic care you deserve.
What Causes Flat Feet?
Flat feet develop due to a variety of reasons, which can be structural, genetic, or acquired over time. In some cases, flat feet are present from birth due to hereditary factors or congenital conditions affecting tendons and ligaments. In other instances, injury, aging, or medical conditions can cause the arch of the foot to weaken or collapse. Understanding the root cause of flat feet is critical for effective treatment, especially if symptoms like pain or instability arise. Common causes of flat feet include:
- Genetic predisposition or family history
- Loose or hypermobile ligaments and tendons
- Injury to the foot or ankle (sprains, fractures)
- Weakening or dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon
- Arthritis or inflammatory joint conditions
- Excessive weight or obesity, placing strain on foot structures
- Neurological or muscular disorders affecting foot mechanics
Symptoms of Flat Feet
Flat feet may not always cause symptoms, but many people experience discomfort or functional issues due to the collapsed arch. Common signs of flat feet include pain or aching in the foot (especially around the arch or heel) that may worsen with activity or prolonged standing. Stiffness and swelling along the inside of the ankle can also occur, along with feelings of imbalance or difficulty walking properly. Flat feet can also impact other parts of the body, sometimes leading to knee, hip, or lower back pain due to altered alignment. Key symptoms of flat feet include:
- Foot pain or aching, especially in the arch or heel
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Foot stiffness or reduced flexibility
- Tired or fatigued feet after standing or walking
- Uneven shoe wear patterns
- Difficulty standing on tiptoes
- Knee, hip, or lower back discomfort related to gait changes Â
How are Flat Feet Diagnosed?
Diagnosing flat feet begins with a thorough physical exam by an orthopedic specialist, who will observe your feet while you are standing, sitting, and walking. Your Raleigh Orthopaedic specialist will check your arch presence, foot flexibility, gait patterns, and ankle strength. They will likely ask you to stand on your toes so they can assess how the arch of your foot responds to pressure. To confirm the diagnosis of flat feet and identify any underlying issues, imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, ultrasound, or MRI may be ordered. These tests offer detailed views of your bones, joints, and soft tissues, helping your care team plan the most effective treatment approach for you.
Treatment Options for Flat Feet at Raleigh Orthopaedic
At Raleigh Orthopaedic, treatment for flat feet is tailored to the individual’s specific foot anatomy and symptoms. Many patients see their symptoms improve with nonsurgical approaches aimed at reducing pain, improving foot function, and preventing complications. Early diagnosis and proactive care can significantly improve outcomes for people with flat feet, with our specialists focusing on comprehensive evaluation and customized treatment plans as early as possible. Nonsurgical treatments that can effectively manage symptoms of flat feet and support foot health include:
- Custom or over-the-counter orthotic shoe inserts to support the arch
- Physical therapy exercises to stretch and strengthen foot and calf muscles
- Supportive footwear designed to reduce strain and improve alignment
- Activity modification to avoid excessive stress and improve posture
- Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling
- Night splints or braces to maintain foot position and relieve symptoms
When nonsurgical treatments are no longer effective, Raleigh Orthopaedic offers advanced surgical options to correct flat feet, restore arch function, and relieve pain. Surgery is tailored to each patient’s unique anatomy and the severity of their condition. Common surgical procedures to address flat feet include tendon repair or transfer to support the collapsed arch, osteotomies where bones are cut and realigned, and joint fusion to stabilize and strengthen the foot structure. These surgeries aim to restore proper foot biomechanics, improve walking ability, and reduce discomfort caused by flat feet. Recovery typically involves immobilization, physical therapy, and gradual return to weight-bearing activities. Your orthopedic specialist will guide you through pre-surgical planning and post-operative care for the best outcomes, ensuring that your questions are answered and concerns are addressed every step of the way.Â
Flat Feet Recovery Process
Recovery from flat feet treatment varies based on the method utilized, but as always, patience and proper care play a major role. After nonsurgical treatment for flat feet, many patients experience gradual improvement in pain and function with the use of orthotics and physical therapy. For those undergoing surgery, the recovery timeline can extend from several weeks to months. Postoperative care typically includes immobilization with a cast or boot, limited weight-bearing for six to eight weeks, and a gradual transition to full activity with physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility. Swelling and mild discomfort can persist for months, but regular follow-up with your orthopedic specialist will ensure that you have the tools you need for a successful recovery. Our team at Raleigh Orthopaedic is proud to provide personalized guidance throughout the recovery journey to help patients return to comfortable, active lifestyles.Â
How to Prevent Flat Feet and Fallen Arches
Preventing flat feet and fallen arches involves maintaining positive foot health and supporting your arches through daily habits. Wearing well-fitted, supportive shoes with proper arch support is essential, especially during physical activities. Engaging in regular foot and calf stretching exercises can strengthen the muscles that support your arches and enhance flexibility. We also recommend that patients avoid excessive standing for long periods and maintain a healthy weight, both of which reduce pressure on the feet and help preserve arch integrity. If you participate in high-impact sports or have a family history of flat feet, consulting an orthopedic specialist for personalized advice and custom orthotics can help prevent future arch collapse and associated pain.Â
Foot and Ankle Specialists at Raleigh Orthopaedic
Our experienced foot and ankle specialists at Raleigh Orthopaedic provide personalized care for a wide range of conditions, from sudden sports injuries to chronic pain. Board-certified and fellowship-trained, our team uses both conservative and surgical treatment techniques to help our patients get back to doing what they love.
Learn More About Foot and Ankle Treatment at Raleigh Orthopaedic
Your well-being is important to us. Raleigh Orthopaedic is Wake County’s oldest and most experienced orthopedic practice, serving the Triangle and surrounding regions of central North Carolina since 1919. We are proud to help those throughout Wake County and beyond get back to living and moving more comfortably, no matter what type of orthopedic injury or condition you are facing. To get started with Raleigh Orthopaedic, give us a call or book an appointment online today!